Showing posts with label Machiavelli. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Machiavelli. Show all posts

IL Concetto di Machiavelli tra Retorica e LogicaIL Concetto di Machiavelli tra Retorica e Logica

By On April 13, 2013


Machiavelli statue Uffizi Firenze Italia
machiavelli teoria politica
  
Voglio scrivere un concetto di Machiavelli “tra Retorica e Logica

Questa poderosa concezione storicizzante (con riguardo sia al mondo politico dell’uomo, sia l mondo naturale) si sorregge con una sua logica che viene progressivamente ricercata, saggiata, affinata, da Machiavelli nel vivo delle quetioni storiche studiate, sempre ll luce di quel confronto che l’umanesimo da tempo aveva avviato tra Retorica e Logica, nele rispondenze concrete ai problemi propri di singoli campi disciplinari. machiavelli teoria politica.

Machiavelli, per dirla in breve, pare seguire una ferma convinzione che, da un lato, i discorsi senza una loro logica, apparecchiata con metodo rigoroso, perdono lo strumento della forza; ma, d’altro lato, i discorsi senza l’usilio della retorica perdono l’orientamento della rispondenza strategica alle esigenze della ricerca, perche rimangono privi di una capacita’ di svogiamento discorsivo ch arricchisca di varianti d’uso nell’argomentazione, di regole d’opportunita’, di accorgimenti d’adattamento ale singole questioni. "machiavelli teoria politica "

Si tratta, pertanto, di muoversi tra Retorica e Logica, oscillando tra, da un lato, la conformazione di una ricerca a specifiche strutture analitico-discorsive, e d’altro lato, la conduzione di un discorso vriamente ispirato dalle esigenze discorsive con sui si stesse il filo delle parole nel vivo dell’esperienza, in chiave ora esplorativa, ora congetturale, ora dimostrativa, ora persuasiva, ora rievocativa e cosi via. Il Machiavelli “Logico” si avvale dunque di quella duplice valenza, ora “logica” in senso stretto, ora “Retorica” in senso ampio (di una retorica della verita’, come ha felicemente detto il Raimondi), che contraddistingue la cultura umanistica, per addentrarsi nella selva qusi inesplorata della logicita’ del discorso storiografico. "machiavelli teoria politica"

Le problematiche piu’ salienti che Machiavelli affronta in tale cammino sono anzitutto quell della logica dell’Esemplarita’ (in cui il punto cruciama ad una concezione paradigmatica dell’esempio, dapprima ad una concezione casistica di esso, e di poi ad una analogica dello stesso, in chiave di “modello” in base ad una elaborazione storistica della:
Quella della logica dell processualita’ (in cui il punto cruciale fu l’adattamento delle techniche analisi logica proprie dell’arte diagnostica dei segni, per utilizzarle enll’esame storiografico dello svoglimento di un corso di cose, in un certo contsto ricostruttivo, appositmente strutturato funzialmente lla luce di talune ctegorie);

Poi quelle della logica dell ermeneutica ipotetica (in cui il punto cruciale fu il passagio da una concezione congetturale ad una concezione abduttiva, in chiave storicizzante, della formulazione di ipotesi interpretativedella esperienza fattuale);

poi quelle della logica modelli (in cui il punto crucile fu l’elaborazione di un ruolo ed un significato rigoroso dell’uso di schematizzazioni tipiche nello studio dell’esperienza storica, in maniera logicamente di stinta da quella dell’uso di definizioni d’identita’ per il tramite di qualificazioni d’essenza);

poi quelle della logica delle relazioni (in cui il punto crucile fu il passagio ad una concezione pragmatica della causalita’ ad una concezione funzionale di essa, cosi da spiegare, alla luce di una stessa modalita’ processuale, piu’ vicende che si svolgono con differenti nessi interni di azioni, di protagonisti, di ocassioni ecc., ma con uno stesso esito in termini strutturalli);

poi quele della logica dell’analogia ( in cui il punto cruciale fu il passagio da una concezione prevalentemente ‘metaforico-allegrica’, ad una concezione ‘topico-rgoentale’ dei procesi diairetici di raffronto, trasposizione, assimilazione, traduzione ecc. Tra casi d’esperienza);

poi quelle della logica della valutazione delle probabilita’ ( sia in chiave pre-visionale, sia in chiave post-visionale);

poi quelle della logica dei rocessi dialettici di conversione di una cosa nel suo contrario, oppure di trasformazione di una cosa per ecesso di alcuni suoi elementi che escono dall’assetto ordinario, vlicando in via straordinaria i imiti di minimo-massimo propri della composizione mista di un certo corpo;

In tutto tale itinerario sterminato di indagine retorico-logica si registra una progressiva attenzione di Machivelli ai procedimenti induttivi e una minor fiducia in quelli deduttivi (inizialmente usati con ferma convinzione sillogistica): con la mira fissa sempre al bersaglio fondamentale di argomentare la storicita’. "machiavelli teoria politica"


Capitolo: “ Machiavelli e la fondazione delle metodologia della conoscenza storica” p.482-533
La filosofia e le scienze dell’uomo – Bramante Editrice 
machiavelli teoria politica

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How to be respected and trusted effectively on Machiavelist wayHow to be respected and trusted effectively on Machiavelist way

By On April 8, 2013


Il Principe Machiavelli cover book
Today I am telling to you about a thought to get respect and trust also loyalty on machiavelist way which popular as machiavelism. How to be respected and trusted effectively? Before learn it, first we should know more about who is Machiavelli?. 


Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italia 1469. His full name is Niccolo Machiavelli. He was jailed by the Medici government because blamed as a traitor. Shortly he could prove that he was not a traitor and he wrote some books such as A history of Florence, La Mandragola, The art of War and the famous book “Il principle” which was presented to Lorenzo, the son of King Piero Medici itself. The book titled “Il Principe”- 1513 (The prince) is the famous or most popular book for people who loves politic, its content give realistic perspective. It offer tricky intrique, cruel, and lie as an effective way to get power, and respected by others. Some people said that “Il Principe” become a guide book for some legendary leader such as Mussolini, Lenin, Stalin, Napoleon and Adolf Hitler. (posted on "How to be respected and trusted")

Ok, thats short description about Machiavelli. So let’s go to the point. How to be respected or to be well thoughts-of and trusted effectively? And giving result to make others people become ‘loyal’ through it. The answer is only two choices “To be loved” or “to be feared”. Both is an effective way belong to Machiavelli thought. Why both of them is effective?, because based on psychology it can be explained realisticly and logicaly. Let’s learn more about it.

Through love
Based on Machiavelli thought that love symbolized by materialistic thing. We give what the people needs, we give wellfare, give well paying, well attention and well disposed or kindness to others. Thousand years ago, and several times, people says that when you give love then you will get love back. Even the wild animal will love you when you give and show love to them. But, Machiavelli has different perspective about human based on the human psychology. Machiavelli said that Dont trust human absolutely and better trust to wild animal than to human being. Why? Because Machiavelli learn that wild animal thought is simple not as complex as the human being have.

Moreover, Machiavelli know that wild animal dont have Ego, they only have instinct and it runs by the natural law.  You give them food and well life then they will love and loyal to you even the dangerous thing come, you has assumed as a family member by them so they will protecting you. How about Human? Does they do the same thing? (posted on "How to be respected and trusted")

As we know that Human is an unique creature. They are unique because their complexity of thought which has moved by the Ego. By the Ego which has reslulted a freewill, Human has different thought and perspective. Machiavelli has offered some example based on the history of rebellion at his time. At that time, He said that love only works for few people which has well-educated about his obligations and rights as citizen. On my own opinion, maybe Machiavelli has realized before Abe (Abraham Lincoln) about it but Abe has stated more clearly than Machiaveli did. This is what Abe stated on his popular speech; “ Dont ask what the country can give to you but ask what you can give to the country”.

Il Principe Machiavelli old book

Through Fear,
Fear way has recommended by Machiavelli as an effective way to get respected and trusted. On his thought, basically human is naive, greedy and has fear. Why machiaveli said that human is greedy? At his time, people is never feel enough about what he has already got and they also always thirsty of chalenges. Does the human also have it nowadays, and how many people do it in this world? You can keep your answer for your material comtemplation. Next, let’s talk about fear itself based on Machiavelli thought. (posted on "How to be respected and trusted")

People has born to the world also with their fear feeling which has grown time by time and flows on their head. Machiavelli said that people will not hesitate to be a traitor, and follow the command which gave by the people who has feared by them. For him, Human is egoist because they only think what they can get then they will leaving even maybe will forget with what they has already got when the dangerous come. But, the fear will bounding him such as getting hard punishment. Does it works? You can answer by yourself If you realize that this fear method also has used by religion to bound their disciple.

Machiavelli also has given an advice when the king want to use the fear mehod because ‘the feared’ also followed by ‘the hated’. How to be feared without hated by others? The king should be strict with his law, fair when giving a punisment and dont take what the people have despotically or extremely. It means that the king should be a wise leader when he wouldn’t to be hated by their follower through fear itself.

That’s all a short explanation about Machiavelli’s thought about how to be trusted and respeted also become leader with loyal follower. Everything on this post is only for knowledge and I dont teach you to become a dictator through this machiavelist thought because we live on different time between machiavelli. 

See ya on next post....

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